Justin Dunham

's journal about making things

The Four Seasons’ pastry kitchen

Filed under: Cooking Journal — Tags: , , , , , , — Justin Dunham on December 27, 2010

(Very) approximate layout of the kitchen.

Basic ingredients.

Piping out the mixture.

Chef Hales with the final product.

Awesome chocolate decorations!

I had the chance recently to visit the pastry kitchen at the Four Seasons Philadelphia. It’s one fairly large room (I’d say 25′x25′), connected to a very small temperature-controlled room where some completed desserts and various chocolate-related ingredients were kept.

I’ve had the chance to visit a few industrial food production areas, including getting really familiar with some yogurt factories in my days as an investment banker, various public factory tours (such as the Tillamook cheese factory), and now this kitchen, which was definitely industrial-grade.

It always strikes me how a very mechanical, utilitarian place can be devoted to something decidedly non-industrial, i.e. high-quality, complex, delicious food. I guess you can tie it to my larger interest in commercialization and mass production, of which food production is a particularly interesting example because the end product gives very little evidence of how it was prepared. One particular thing I noticed during our tour was a bunch of miniature fruit tarts – the colors of the strawberries and blueberries were conspicuous against the otherwise neutral (metal, cinderblock and orange tile) surfaces.

Anyway, it was pretty neat to see the various tools that are used and how they’re arranged. In some ways it would be a dream kitchen – vast stainless steel work surfaces, and lots of trays, pans, molds etc. hanging up on the walls. When a chef would finish with a particular piece of equipment, he or she would put it into a sink full of hot, soapy water. About every half-hour, someone would come by to collect the dishes for further cleaning and tidy up, as far as I could tell.

Our guide to the kitchen was Eddie Hales, who has been doing pastry for… a long time. He first showed us the small chocolate room I mentioned. The most interesting part of this was the chocolate transfer sheets he showed us, which you can get a glimpse of in the last picture. Check out some examples of these here. These are plastic sheets on which tinted, patterned cocoa butter has been deposited. (There are lots of different patterns available, some of which seem to be quite complex.)

When you want to use one, you cover the patterned side with a thin layer of melted chocolate. You wait a bit for it to harden, and then you press the chocolate layer to whatever you want to decorate. Then you carefully pull the sheet off. The chocolate, with the pattern facing out, is left behind. You can also just let the sheet fully harden by itself, then break it up to get patterned shards. Pretty neat technology.

Chef Hales also did a pâte à choux demonstration for us. If I remember correctly, he mixed together milk, butter, flour and eggs, cooked the mixture, and put it in the stand mixer. The result was a very thick dough, which the chef piped out onto a tray, and baked. This is how you make e.g. profiteroles and some other puffy desserts, e.g. eclairs.

Julia Child’s Kitchen

Filed under: Cooking Journal — Tags: , — Justin Dunham on May 15, 2010

Left counter. Note in the background the blue KitchenAid mixer, which she endorsed enthusiastically in an accompanying video.

Right counter and kitchen table. The outlines are places where particular pots and pans go (you are looking through that wall). To the right of this is a bookshelf.

I think kitchen organization is a fairly interesting topic.

For example, I was recently able to sit right in front of the griddle at a diner the other day. Here is a space about six feet square where a smart cook, together with an assistant and a well-thought-out mise-en-place, can quickly and efficiently assemble food for an entire diner.

The cook had places on the griddle for different types of foods (eggs, pancakes, sausages, burgers) and fully understood the timing of the various recipes, with the result that he could deliver many high-quality meals in very short periods of time.

As a simple example, he would put a bunch of sausages down, then start some toast, then at the last minute crack six eggs. As soon as the sausages had developed a nice burn, the toast popped out of the toaster and the eggs finished cooking through. Everything could be immediately transferred to a clean plate and brought out into the dining room. And, by the way, everything went in a place with particular heat levels suited to the task at hand (long cooking, quick searing, etc.)

This is a very simple example of the multitasking that chefs everywhere do constantly – up to the level of a table of many guests, where each has a complex and unique order – so that the chef doesn’t waste any time and so that food comes out at the optimal temperature, and not overcooked or undercooked. In general, this creates a lot of complex logistical problems, many of which we solve without noticing.

So, on this theme, I enjoyed seeing Julia Child’s kitchen at the Smithsonian today. Here’s somebody who cooked all the time and therefore had to deal with a lot of small logistical challenges (and also organizational challenges, given the variety of dishes Child likely prepared). But – she had a surprisingly modestly appointed kitchen.

Here are some specific things that I noticed. First of all, Child had lots of different surfaces. This is really important. She had space next to the stove for hot pans, a butcher block for cutting meat, space next to the sink for dirty dishes and probably other purposes, and plenty of additional space elsewhere for things like cutting vegetables, rolling dough, etc.

Child stored many of her cooking implements – and she had a lot – directly above her stove. Many of her other tools, as well as pots and pans, were stored on pegboards, which reminded me of the way tools are often stored in garages. There were also outlines on the wall of the various pots and pans, to make it easy to put everything back in its proper place.

One thing that really surprised me, as I mentioned briefly above, was how modest the kitchen was. It had no props. The shiniest thing was the blue KitchenAid stand mixer, which Child discussed in some detail in the videos accompanying the exhibit. She said that she saved up for this particular mixer because of its quality. She recommended that until you are ready to buy a mixer like this, you use a hand mixer and keep saving your pennies. This sounds right to me.

As another example, some of the exhibition notes talked about her stove, which was manufactured sometime in the first half of the 20th century if I recall correctly. It apparently never needed repairs despite heavy and constant use. Child said she wanted to be buried with it, if a plot could be found big enough for her and the stove, and she apparently brought it from house to house and – at least once – across the Atlantic.

This was Child’s ninth kitchen, which means, I assume, that she arrived at its organizational scheme after developing a deep understanding of how she could work most efficiently. I should also note Child was 6’2″, which probably meant she faced unique ergonomic challenges as well.

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